Quit Smoking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Quit Smoking - Essay Example Statistical facts within the United States reveal that smoking is one among the leading preventable causes of death. The reason I choose this paper is that it explicitly states the side effects associated with direct smoking. In addition, it offers solutions necessary to enable addicts free themselves from this bondage. Furthermore, the message on this document will play a significant role in aiding those that have started smoking in the near time. On the other hand, it will discourage potential smokers. Apart from performing the function of warning, it widens the knowledge base about the effects of direct smoking. Consequently, this will allow a drastic reduction in the number of smokers globally with considering the current statistical trend. The act of smoking indirect tobacco or any other hazardous substance from the environment, makes one a second-hand smoke. In other words, second-hand smokers are also known as passive smokers. Effects arising from one being a passive smoker are not as harmful compared to those of direct smoking. Some of the effects that passive smokers are likely to encounter include premature deaths, increased chances of one to suffer from lung cancer, and from heart complications. Among children, it might also result to untimely death and ear complications. The document also provides the necessary solutions for non-smokers to avoiding these effects. The purpose of this web-document is to perform an educative role to both the smokers and the passive smokers. It has clearly illustrated some of the side effects associated with being a passive smoker. This report will make it possible for a smoker to protect the health status of the passive smokers. Similarly, the non-smokers will be able to avoid smoking zones or being around a burning cigarette. The report has offered effective solution that will ensure the health issues are a priority. Furthermore, through this document the smokers are expected to be more responsible in terms

The Stakeholder Engagement Process Management Essay

The Stakeholder Engagement Process Management Essay A person, group of persons, or organization that has a direct or indirect stake in an organisation because it can affect or be affected by organizations action, objectives, polices. (Business dictionary, 2012) Stakeholder engagement process: The word stakeholder and engagement both have different meanings for different people therefore it is difficult to understand what people are trying to think and say about these words. These words are used together to define a procedure which is theoretical a transparent process Stakeholder is only defined in a reference to a particular issue e.g. as a local resident in a particular area you may be a stakeholder in a decision about what will be the opening and closing timing of the restaurant. But you will not be a stakeholder in a decision about what kind of restaurant/food they will serve but health and local authority might a stakeholder in both decisions. Many authors described this phrase in different way. According to (Glicken, 2000) A stakeholder is an individual or group influenced by and with an ability to significantly impact (positively or negatively) the topical area of interest. However, according to (Slocum et al, 1995) Active involvement of people in making decisions about the implementation of processes programmes and projects which affect them. Freeman (1984) explains that any person or group of people who can directly or indirectly affect or can be affected by the organisations actions, objectives and policies. Shareholders including investors, owners, partners, directors, people owning shares or stock, banks, anyone having a financial stake in the business purchasers, consumers and end users. Stakeholder engagement is the process used by an organisation to engage significant stakeholders for a clear purpose to attain accepted results and stakeholder engagement is the process used by an organisation to engage relevant stakeholders for a purpose to achieve accepted outcomes. It is now also known as a fundamental accountability tool, since it obliges an organisation to involve stakeholders in classifying, understanding and answering to sustainability issues and concerns, and to report, explain and be accountable to stakeholders for decisions, actions and performance. Quality stakeholder engagement process should include: Clearly define the scope and have an agreed decision making process; Focus on issues material to the organisation and/or its stakeholders; We need to identify the important stakeholder and their interest relating to our restaurant. We need to assess the power and influence of stakeholders in connection to our restaurant. Define appropriate project to each stakeholder and we need to identify the stakeholders risk relating to our restaurant. Create opportunities for dialogue and be integral to organisational governance; Have a process appropriate to the stakeholders engaged Be timely; be transparent, flexible and responsive. Stakeholder engagement must be rooted in the culture and main functions of the organisation. To accomplish this, this requires an assurance to the principles and incorporation of stakeholder engagement with organisational governance, strategy and operations. Through this assurance and incorporation, the outputs of stakeholder engagement lead to strategic and operational outcomes. Whenever we start a project or business it is very important for us to identify key stakeholders and their type and also identify their interest relating to our business or project. Different kind of stakeholders: Usually stakeholders have three types Primary stakeholder Secondary stakeholder Key stakeholder Primary stakeholder: A primary stakeholder includes any group of people or an organisation which are eventually affected by the actions of the organisation both in positively or negatively way. In our restaurant business primary stakeholders are customers, lenders, suppliers and owner of the building. Secondary stakeholder: Secondary stakeholders are those who could be indirectly affected by the actions of the organisations. In our restaurant business secondary stakeholders are city council and environmental authorities. Key stakeholder: Key stakeholders can belong to first two groups and these peoples or organisations can have substantial impact upon within our restaurant. Key stakeholder includes; City council Customers Suppliers Lenders Owner of the building Environmental authorities and trade authorities. The Importance of Meaningful Stakeholder Engagement: Stakeholder engagement is premised on the concept that those groups who can affect or are affected by the succession of an organisations purpose should be given the opportunity to observe and input into the expansion of decisions that affect them. In todays society, if they are not actively sought out, sooner or later they may claim to be consulted. Situations could arise when organisations do not aggressively engage but are forced to do so by the demands of society as a result of a crisis situation. In response, organisations hire crisis management procedures, and are often forced into a defensive negotiation with stakeholders, leading to a substantial and long lasting loss of reputation. This type of interface is often opposed and damaging of trust. Meaningful engagements take place in organizations as many organizations are well aware of current changes in the wider society and how they pass on to organisational performance. A relation with stakeholders is a mean to manage the impact as a result of those changes, many of which are shaped due to vast negative impact of global economic downturn. Organisations can either seek to diminish risk through the use of stakeholder management, or through the use of meaningful stakeholder engagement exploit new trends to identify and establish new opportunities; the latter is characterised by a readiness to be open to change. As with any other business process, engagement process should be systematic, logical and should be applied thoroughly. A process is provided by stakeholder engagement which takes in to account organisation from the starting point of planning and identifying objectives through to post monitoring and evaluation. This process is represented as a circle as it is constant where lessons are learned from past experience and will then shape the future planning and engagement. Stakeholder mapping and their importance: Stakeholder mapping is process of listing the entire stakeholders according to their interest and power or influence on a particular organisation. (Bjorn Andersen, 2008) Each stakeholder is different from other in terms of their power and their interest. Some stakeholders have more power and more interest in an organisation and some stakeholders have more power with less interest in an organisation. Therefore, stakeholder mapping provides us a framework which helps organisation in term of stakeholder management. By using stakeholder mapping organisation categorise each stakeholder in different category and then spend more time and money on those stakeholders who have more interests and more power and organisation also saves time by spending less time on those stakeholders who have less power and less interest. Stakeholders Mapping http://open.jorum.ac.uk/xmlui/bitstream/handle/123456789/650/Items/B324_1_004i.jpg http://open.jorum.ac.uk Key players: Key players are those stakeholders who have more power and more interest in our business or organisation. In key players stakeholder management process organisation need to actively involve these stakeholder in almost in every part of the project. Because these are the stakeholders who have more power, influence and interest in our organisation. In our project suppliers, lenders and property owner has high power and high interest therefore, these stakeholders are key player in our project. Keep satisfied: These are the stakeholders who have less interest but more power in our organisation. Therefore, organisation always needs to try to keep these stakeholders satisfied at all the time and organisation always need to feed these stakeholders with the information which they need. Keep informed: These stakeholders have with high interests but low power. There is a very less chance that these stakeholders will create any trouble in our project, but these stakeholders have high interest in our project. Therefore, organisation always needs to try to spend relatively less time on this stakeholder and keep them satisfied. For example, local community and neighbourhood people who have most interests and low power and they cannot create any trouble but their interests level is quite high. Minimal effort: These are the peoples with less interests and low power. Organisation should need to spend less time and money on these stakeholders. Understanding stakeholder: Engagement process includes the understanding of the different stakeholders and also understanding their needs and demands. In this process we need to know how best we can engage all different stakeholders and how to communicate with them. We need to consider some key questions to find out how we can perform this process efficiently. This key question includes; What financial and non-financial interest they have? We need to know if stakeholders go against our restaurant project then how we are going to manage their negative attitude towards our project? What is their current judgment about our restaurant project? What kind of information they require from us? How we need to communicate with them? To get the answer for all of the above questions we need to ask directly to the potential stakeholders. Stakeholders are quiet open about their opinion and they feel free to comment on an organisations policies and actions. By asking these questions and interacting with stakeholders helps organisations to build a strong relationship with the stakeholders which will help organisation in a long run. Being a project runner we need to ensure that stakeholders are aware that things will get better once the project is completed and there will be now extra financial cost or any other burden on them. If we dont ensure them there will be resistance in future and this resistance could affect our project. Stakeholder management: Successful project requires a careful stakeholder management. Therefore, we need to ask questions who are the stakeholders? Stakeholder is any group/person or any organisation that has direct interest in our restaurant and they can be directly affected by the output of our restaurant. Therefore, it is necessary for us to understand the principles and issues which stakeholders have in order to address them and keep everyone on board for the duration of our restaurant project. (www.projectsmart.co.uk) In stakeholder management process we need to identify our key stakeholders then we need to find out whats their needs, demands, interest and power relating to our restaurant and then we need to know how to manage these stakeholders. Therefore, managing these stakeholders is different from managing other stakeholders. For example in our project of opening a restaurant on oxford road we have some stakeholder e.g. city council which could be directly affected by the output of our restaurant and if we affect this stakeholder our restaurant could be closed before it opens. Purpose of the stakeholder management: Purpose of stakeholder management is apparent however this idea has been ignored by most of the organisations. We need to consider all those stakeholders who can make an impact on our project in later period. In recent years we have noticed many examples that many organisation those who were ignoring their stakeholders now they are considering their stakeholders with more care and acting more responsibly towards their stakeholders. (www.triplepundit.com) Fast-food giant Burger king and McDonald faced criticism for supporting the cutting of the Amazonian rain forest from beef suppliers. Now Burger king and McDonalds started to act responsibly by altering their policies and improving their CSRs and they are reporting more carefully and they are taking care of their stakeholders relationship. (Buzz, 2012) Advantages and disadvantages of stakeholder management: An organisation can receive many advantages and disadvantages for managing the stakeholders carefully. Stakeholder management reduces the risk of failure of a project. Quality of a project can be improved by engaging the stakeholders. Serious issues which can affect our project can be diminishing at early stage by engaging all the stakeholders. Managing and identifying all the stakeholders is a costly process because every stakeholder has different demands and needs from other. Managing all stakeholders is not easy it is really hard job to manage all stakeholders because every stokehold aspect something extra ordinary output from your project. Conclusion: After extensive study and research; researcher is able to draw a conclusion that stakeholders are important and integral part of an organisation and organisation cannot deny form carrying out stakeholder analyses in every stage of the project. Because organisations future depends on better stakeholder management if organisation fails to do so they will end up facing extreme pressure from stakeholders and they might lose their business too and project may fail and we have seen many examples in past. Bjorn Andersen, T.F.L.E.O., 2008. Mapping work progress. 2nd ed. USA: Quality press. Freeman, R.E (1984). Strategic Management: A stakeholder Approach. Boston, MA: Pitman. Glicken, J. (2000), Getting stakeholder participation right: a discussion of the participatory processes and possible pitfalls. Environmental Science and Policy, 3, 305-310. Slocum, R., Wichhart, L., Rocheleau, D. and Thomas-Slayter, B. (eds) (1995) Power, Process and Participation. London: ITDG Publishing. http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/stakeholder.html [Accessed on 24th November 2012] http://www.triplepundit.com/2009/04/purpose-vs-profit-stakeholder-management/ [Accessed on 24th November 2012] http://www.projectsmart.co.uk/stakeholder-management.html [Accessed on 23rd November 2012] http://www.triplepundit.com/2009/04/purpose-vs-profit-stakeholder-management/ [Accessed on 23rd November 2012]

In-just by e. e. cummings Essay -- essays research papers

Upon looking at e. e. cummings’s poem, â€Å"in Just-†,perhaps, two features immediately become apparent: the use of white space between some words and lines, and the multiple use of a single word supporting an entire line. To a lesser degree, the poem’s visual also features the boys’ and girls’ names joined together as though they were each one, and the capitalization of the â€Å"m† in â€Å"balloonMan† towards the poem’s end. All these features contribute to how the poem will be read, and when the poem is read, the sound, furthered by alliteration, assumes an alternating rhythm of excitement and measured awareness. That is, an accelerated tempo that reflects the excited manner of child-like exuberance for springtime revelry, and the lull in tempo that is attributed to the measured awareness or ambivalent feelings felt towards the â€Å" goat-footed balloonMan.† The poem’s rapid and then measured tempo creates an artistic tension that coincides with the speaker’s account of a remembered spring. By employing white space, alliteration, compressed conjunctions, and some unconventional capitalization, e. e. cummings creates a dream vision of a remembered springtime- revelry that reads with both excitement and a measured awareness. White space is used after the first line, â€Å"in Just-†, by cummings to emphasize the speaker’s observation that only in spring do the following things happen. The white space after â€Å"spring† in the second line suggests that the speaker ponders first what his audience later learns to be a springtime memory . The white space is quite obviously used for the benefit of someone listening to the poem being read. The white space in the first line between â€Å"Just-† and â€Å"spring† of the second line builds suspense when the reader pauses to simulate white space, and again, after â€Å"spring† when a child-like description defines what is uniquely available only in the spring. That is â€Å"when the world is mud- / luscious†(lines 1-2). Almost immediately cummings uses white space to direct the sound and rhythm of the poem that is not unlike conversation. A gradual dream-like state is suggested to the poem’s audience by cummings’s â€Å"far and wee† refrain, which is given increasing white space and therefore longer pauses, until each word of the refrain supports its own line. Initially the refrain complements the speaker’s excited springtime revelry; in fact, line five flows nicely... ...rbles and / piracies and it’s / spring†(7 -9) or the alliteration found â€Å"from hop-scotch and jump-rope†(15) ,wish to return and repeat it because the lines are fun to say. This pleasant effect must be attributed to the speaker’s springtime revelry who also must wish to return to these activities if not for the constant stressful reminder of â€Å"the queer/ old balloonman [whistling] / far and wee†(11 - 13). The poem’s conflicting tempos add tension to the speaker’s springtime memory, but the slowing of the tempo through cummings’s use of alliteration focuses the audience on the two emotional elements: springtime celebration and the ambivalence felt towards the ever-present â€Å"balloonMan†(21). â€Å"in Just-† is probably a good example of a free-verse poem. The poem’s visual appearance might be compared to a page of dialogue within a drama-script . What makes cummings’s poem better is the direction given to the reader, such as the odd capitalization to suggest an accented syllable, or the white space to imply a pause, better still, his use of compressed conjunctions to effect haste and emphatic tones, add the repetitive refrains for accent and syncopation and one could set this poem to music.

First Day of School

First day of school When I woke up that morning I thought my life was going to end. The summer was over and it was the first day of school. I didn't go to sleep the night before because I had a lot on my mind, but I had to get my tired self up and get ready. I laid my clothes out the night before and I had out a cross necklace some cross earrings a blue shirt and some khaki shorts. So after I got dressed and got in the car I begged and pleaded with my mama not to make me go. But I still came, when I first got to school I was terrified I didn't know anybody and I was new.Not a good combination but I had to get out of the car so I did and I was lost for a while but I found my class shortly. I walked in to a room full of people and it was hot and dark the only light was from the colorful lamps and the computers,there were computers everywhere. I was the tallest one in the class like I always am I felt like people were talking about me I was scared and didn't want to be there at all I wa nted to call my mom and tell her that is was not going to work to come get me immediately. Before I got around to that the bell rung and it was time for class to start.So I sat down and in the comer where my seat was and just cried for almost the entire class. I didn't want to be there I felt like no body else wanted me to be there either. I had just went through a lot and I broke my wrist the week before so my heart and my and my mind was just not there. I couldn't stop crying I was depressed and lonely ,but class was about to end so I had to dry my tears up and keep it moving because I knew the day was almost over. I felt my day couldn't get any worse and it didn't. This time I ended up in a very bright room and all the people seemed really happy.It was bibles under the desks and posters talking about Jesus and encouragement all over the room. This lifted my sprit and I wasn't so sad anymore and people started to talk to me and wanted to know about who I was and they wanted to bec ome my friend. At first I was very reluctant to talk but I became comfortable and I made new friends. I was happy about this I had some good news to go home and tell my mom. But after getting to know my new friends I had to leave them and go to my last class of the day but I was happy that it was my last class.I walked in and it was math class. I hate math was never good at it but I was I'm there and I dreaded it but I found another new friend that became my best friend her name was sam and we clicked instantly we were both new and we didn't know any body. That made me the happiest of all I wasn't alone anymore there was someone just like me. So that made math not so bad. I got through it and it was time to go home. My day started out bad but it ended ok and I wanted to come back the next day because I knew it would only get better.

Law of Attraction Essay

The law of attraction is the name given to the belief that â€Å"like attracts like† and that by focusing on positive or negative thoughts one can bring about positive or negative results. This belief is based upon the idea that people and their thoughts are both made from pure energy, and the belief that like energy attracts like energy. For example, if a person opened an envelope expecting to see a bill, then according to the law of attraction would confirm those thoughts and contain a bill when opened. A person who decided to instead accept a check might under the same law would find a check instead of a bill. Although, there are some cases where positive or negative attitudes can produce corresponding results, there is no scientific basis to the law of attraction. I do believe in the law of attraction to some extent and in this paper I will explain thoroughly the steps in the law of attraction and give examples why it works if you truly believe in it. Before I can give examples and explain why the law of attraction is an accurate way of thinking, I have to first explain how it works and the steps you have to take. First, you have to believe in the concept of subjective reality. Subjective reality is a belief system in which there is only one consciousness and everything and everyone in your reality is a projection of your thoughts. The correct viewpoint is that you the single consciousness in which this entire reality takes over. An example of subjective reality is if someone asks you what happens when people put out conflicting intentions, like two people intending to get the same promotion when only one position is available? Since you are the only intender, this is entirely an internal conflict. You are holding the thought, the intention for both people to want the same position, but you are also thinking that only one can get it. You believe in competition so that is what you manifest. You may have a higher order belief that life is random, unfair, uncertain, etc†¦, so in that case you may manifest a surprise because that is what you are intending. Being the intender in your reality places a huge responsibility on your shoulders. You can give up control of your reality by thinking randomness and uncertainty, but you can never give up responsibility. Since you are the ole creator in this universe, if you think about war, poverty, and disease that is exactly what you will manifest. Your reality is exactly what you think it is, so whenever you think about anything you summon its manifestation. So by thinking that there are two people competing for one position, you focus too much attention on the other person, and not enough attention on yourself who in fact holds the key to success. By focusing inward and just on yourself, you pay more attention on the job itself and not the competition making the job come to you and the promotion. The vital step in the law of attraction is letting go. It is one of the most important stages in the manifestation process. If you cannot let go of the attachment to the desire itself, you will not ever be able to see it manifest for you. An example would be a lot of people want to manifest more money but because they really need to manifest the money they find it difficult letting the desire go and releasing it to the universe. One of the steps is you create in two different stages. The first stage of creation happens when you form the desire. As you see an unpaid bill, you immediately form the desire of wanting more money. It is automatic and it happens without you ever realizing that you are asking for more money. However, if you stay in this mode and never move forward, you are always going to be wanting. Wanting can never attract you what you want. The second part of the creation process is when you get into alignment with your desires. Getting into alignment is what will bring the manifestation into the physical world. Holding onto the desire and staying in the desire forming stage will not. If you want to manifest anything into the physical world, you have got to move out of the desire forming stage and into the alignment stage. There are two ways in which you can become aligned with your desires, they are believing and feeling good. When you have massive expectation and actually begin to believe that you have what you are asking for, in that moment you will become perfectly aligned with what it is you want and so the law of attraction matches like with like and ultimately yields you the stuff. Affirmations and vision boards are examples processes that are used to yourself believing your desire is already here. The second way of alignment stage is feeling good. This step is the easiest because all you have to do is feel good and you will manifest the stuff you want. The law of attraction does not hear or see your thoughts; it responds to your vibration which is primarily affected by your feelings. If you practice these ways of first letting go and then the ways of the alignment stage, it is a sure thing that it will work. Personally, when we watched the documentary in class two weeks ago I had never heard of the law of attraction or how it worked. After watching the movie I was skeptical about if it truly worked or not so I decided to do an experiment of my own and see what would happen when I followed all the rules to the law. I had this huge midterm for my social work class last week and I needed to get a very good grade on it. Usually I will study as much as I can but I am always negative and think the worst when I am waiting to see what grade I get, never positive. So I decided to think positively after I studied and took the midterm. This consisted of me getting rid of all my bad thoughts and just focusing fully on the midterm and grade. I never thought about the day I was going to get it back but just the grade I was going to receive. I thought these thoughts for four days straight and believing that the I did all I could do but now I have to leave it in the universe’s hands and let it take over. All I could do is think fully on it and know that if I did it would work out in my best interest. Four days past and I got the exam back and received a 90 percent on it and I wanted an A, nothing lower than that. This is why I know the law of attraction works and I would recommend anybody to start focusing your thoughts on the positive. The Law of Attraction is a complex system that takes practice and understanding to fully receive the benefits of what you want. From all the steps in the process to the examples I think the law of attraction really works and even if someone does not believe it to the full extent I think just the way of thinking like it is beneficial to everyone. Form positive habits and repeat processes that feel good every single day.

The Great Gatsby Research Paper Example

The Great Gatsby Research Paper Example The Great Gatsby Paper The Great Gatsby Paper In his literary masterpiece The Great Gatsby, F. Scott Fitzgerald paints a picture of American high-society during the Roaring Twenties. In order to appreciate The Great Gatsby, it is essential to understand the setting of the book. Hudson Gevaert describes the 1920s in America on his informative website. He states: They were known as the Roaring Twentys because the economy at the time was through the roof and people were partying all over the place. At the time there was a legal ban on the manufacture and sale of intoxicating drink called prohibition. Organized criminals catered to the needs of the drinking public by illegally supplying them with liquor and made a fortune doing it. Even with all the crime in the Jazz Age though, it will still be remembered for its glittering lights and unbridled romance. Along with the elaborate parties, scandals, and romances prevalent in this book, The Great Gatsby is a notable example of the American Dream and the means to attain that dream. The American Dream is defined by living a life of happiness, prominence, and wealth. This was either attained by being born into money, or by creating your own prosperity. The latter relies on personal struggles and plays a key role in shaping a young man in the book by the name of James Gatz. James Gatz created an alias for himself by the name of Jay Gatsby, which would be the epitome of everything that he wanted- and everything that he was not. The truth behind his real identity was trapped behind a web of lies that he used to protect himself from the people to whom he was the most vulnerable-his friends. In order to obtain his wealth, Jay Gatsby was a bootlegger and a gambler. He contrasts with another character in the book by the name of Tom Buchanan. Tom Buchanan was born into money and controls his life through his wealth. In particular, Tom uses his money and power to seize what he thinks he deserves. Furthermore, his aggressive behavior in the story, backed by the wealth equals power theme, reveals societal brutality, immorality, and indecency among the elite. The similarities between Tom and Gatsby such as: a mutual friend and problems surrounding adultery and materialism do not constitute them as being equal; in fact, through the eyes of Nick, the narrator, it is clear that Tom and Gatsby are entirely different men on the basis of societal position, personality, and his opinion. Tom and Gatsby both have money, but their social statuses are not equal. The inequality of Tom and Gatsby can be seen through the books strongest metaphor: East Egg and West Egg. The East Egg is a secluded area in Long Island which gives homage to the old money of society. These untouchable few breed money and hold great amounts of influence and power. On the other side of the sea is West Egg. This area is extremely wealthy as well, but houses new money such as Gatsby. These people are not treated equally in upper class society because their money was not inherited. East Egg is more elite than West Egg, and impossible for a common person to reach. Unless you were born under a wealthy name, like Tom, you can not be part of their society. Gatsby knows that it is more prestigious to be part of the East Egg society, and for that reason, he stays focused on his dream to obtain the love of Daisy, Toms wife. Another important difference between Gatsby and Tom is that Gatsby is a dreamer, and Tom is practical. An important metaphor in the book is a green light at the end of the Buchanan dock in East Egg, seen from Gatsbys yard in West Egg. It represents Daisy and a materialistic lifestyle. One night after dinner at the Buchanans, Tom saw Gatsby -he stretched out his arms toward the dark water in a curious way, and, far as I was from him, I could have sworn he was trembling. Involuntarily I glanced seaward-and distinguished nothing except a single green light, minute and far away, that might have been the end of a dock (Fitzgerald 28). The light represents Gatsbys pursuit towards his rich ideal life. Gatsby came a long way from nothing to be living where he is, and he makes sure that nothing will interfere in his ultimate goal of opulence. Nick reveals at the end of the book that James Gatz-that was really, or at least legally, his [Gatsbys] name. He had changed it at the age of seventeen and at the specific moment that witnessed the beginning of his career-when he saw Dan Codys yacht drop anchor over the most insidious flat on Lake Superior (Fitzgerald 104). Ever since Gatsby was young, he craved a lifestyle that he never had and went as far as creating an alias to cover up his inferior roots. The problem with coming from a family of lower class was never a problem for Tom. Tom Buchanan is practical in the sense that he knows that he can use money and influence to get what he wants. Tom Buchanan buys his way through life and love. Tom and his wife Daisy started out their life together in a very elaborate way. He came down with a hundred people in four private cars, and hired a whole floor of the Muhlbach Hotel and the day before the wedding he gave her a string of pearls valued at three hundred and fifty thousand dollars (Fitzgerald 82). Though this seems to be a romantic courting, this actually proves the fact that Tom believes money can buy love and happiness.

The Philosophical Basis of Engineering Codes of Ethics essay

The Philosophical Basis of Engineering Codes of Ethics essay The Philosophical Basis of Engineering Codes of Ethics essay The Philosophical Basis of Engineering Codes of Ethics essayOutline an ideal code of ethics including both deontological and teleological norms as its main componentsThe ideal code of ethics from the deontological perspective implies that the code of ethics matches existing ethical norms and those norms determine the conduct of stakeholders. Therefore, the code of ethics should involve a set of moral norms that regulate the conduct of stakeholders. From the teleological perspective, the code of ethics should involve basic norms and principles contributing to the target conduct that would lead to the ultimately moral and desirable ends.Adopt the best organizational analysis you uncovered from the various models shown in Reading 5The Porter five forces analysis is the best analysis model because it helps to determine the key factors that affect the competitive position of the organization and its relations with key stakeholders, including suppliers, buyers. In addition, this model help s to determine the potential of the organization and existing risks and threats the company is exposed to in the current competitive environment.What implementation problems do you foresee when applying the ideal code of ethics you have outlined?The ideal code of ethics may confront considerable problems in the course of its implementation because, in the real world, the proposed ideal code of ethics may face the risk of the gap between the proposed moral standards and moral standards of employees, especially in the multicultural environment. In addition, the ideal code of ethics may face the problem of changes in the business environment that may change the ultimate end the code has to match, for example.

Learn About the History of Life Savers Candy

Learn About the History of Life Savers Candy In 1912, chocolate manufacturer Clarence Crane (Cleveland,  Ohio) invented Life Savers as a â€Å"summer candy† that could withstand heat better than chocolate. Since the mints looked like miniature life preservers, he called them Life Savers.  Crane did not have space  or machinery to make them so he contracted with a pill manufacturer to press the mints into shape. Edward Noble After registering the trademark, in 1913, Crane sold the rights to the peppermint candy to Edward Noble of New York for $2,900. Noble started his own candy company, creating tin-foil wrappers to keep the mints fresh, instead of cardboard rolls. Pep-O-Mint was the first Life Saver flavor. Since then, many different flavors of Life Savers have been produced. The five-flavor roll first appeared in 1935. The ton-foil-wrapping process was completed by hand until 1919 when machinery was developed by Edward Nobles brother, Robert Peckham Noble, to streamline the process.  Robert was a Purdue-educated  engineer. He took his younger brothers entrepreneurial vision and designed and built the manufacturing facilities needed to expand the company. The primary manufacturing plant for Life Savers was located in  Port Chester, New York. Robert led the company as its chief executive officer  and primary shareholder for more than 40 years, until selling the company in the late 1950s. By 1919, six other flavors (Wint-O-Green, Cl-O-ve, Lic-O-Rice, Cinn-O-Mon, Vi-O-Let, and Choc-O-Late) had been created, and these remained the standard flavors until the late 1920s. In 1920, a new flavor called Malt-O-Milk was introduced. This flavor was not received well by the public and was discontinued after only a few years.  In 1925, the tinfoil was replaced with  aluminum foil. Fruit Drops In 1921, the company began to produce solid fruit drops. In 1925, technology improved to allow a hole in the center of the fruity Life Saver. These were introduced as the fruit drop with the hole and came in three fruit flavors,  each packaged in their own separate rolls. These new flavors quickly became popular with the public. More flavors were quickly introduced. In 1935, the classic Five-Flavor rolls were introduced, offering a selection of five different flavors (pineapple, lime, orange, cherry, and lemon) in each roll.  This flavor lineup was unchanged for nearly 70 years, until 2003, when three of the flavors were replaced in the United States, making the rolls pineapple, cherry, raspberry, watermelon, and blackberry.  However, orange was subsequently reintroduced and blackberry was dropped. The original five-flavor lineup is still sold in Canada.   Nabisco In 1981,  Nabisco  Brands Inc. acquired Life Savers. Nabisco introduced a new cinnamon flavor (Hot Cin-O-Mon) as a clear fruit drop type candy. In 2004, the US Life Savers business was acquired by  Wrigleys. Wrigleys introduced two new mint flavors (for the first time in more than 60 years) in 2006: Orange Mint and Sweet Mint. They also revived some of the early mint flavors (such as Wint-O-Green). Life Savers production was based in  Holland, Michigan, until 2002 when it was moved to  Montreal,  Quà ©bec,  Canada.

Marketing Strategies of financial firms Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Marketing Strategies of financial firms - Essay Example My paper will be able to answer the questions of various problems and these will be William J. Stanton states that without the help of marketing technique, firms are unable to gain maximum profit as it is the key that provides awareness about your product and services. Marketing strategies actually involves different phenomena's that helps to promote the product and services in the market. Traditionally, the products are marketed and promoted, but with growth in time and technology, there arises a need to market the latest and advance services provided by the financial firms. The use of electronic commerce (e-commerce) in the financial firms develops latest financial services that need to use promotional and marketing strategies. According to Adam Smith, financial firms do not grow till 1980 but later in the year different firms in America and Canada realize that there is a need to change the services provided by these financial firms. At that time the concept of investment banking, advisory and commercial banks emerges only within the boundary of the United States of America and Canada. As the firm start introducing the ecommerce techniques in the financial firm's different financial cards, debit cards and credit cards, emerges. Moreover, due to diversification of different financial firm and the competition within them, there materialize the need of promotional campaign. Therefore, the need for the marketing strategies for financial firms come into view and now due to high competition firms are trying to promote their cheap but quality services through different marketing campaigns and programs. Marketing strategies for a financial firm focuses on the 4P's of marketing. These 4 P's are the price, promotion, place and product. The insurance companies require capturing the maximum consumer market with the help of price variable as they should introduce low price tag certificates to save the future of their customers. Promotion factor for the financial firms did not remain attach with the promotion through visual and audio Ads on television and radio rather firms are now require to promote their services through the use of internet and other Integrated marketing techniques. The reason for the use is to globalize their services. Africans from last 3 years are trying to invest their money in foreign banks

New Hire Communication Worksheet Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

New Hire Communication Worksheet - Assignment Example The purpose of the message is to introduce the new hires to this unique way of doing things by the company. The audiences, in this case, are the new hires. The audience share certain characteristics such as being new to the company, being newly hired and lacking knowledge about the company’s culture, processes and procedures. Therefore, when the HR employee is writing the message, he should know that these are people without the knowledge about the company’s culture. The new hires, however, already know that they have been employeed and formed part of the company. They already know the purpose, vision and mission of the company. To deliver the message effectively, convening a meeting with the new hires so that a verbal reading of the message can be done by the HR employee as the best channel to deliver the message to the new hires. This is most effective because it will enable the message to reach all the audiences at the same time, hence uniformity in message delivery. Similarly, this channel gives an opportunity to the new hires to raise their queries and ask the HR employee all the questions about other things they would wish to know about the company. The suitable writing strategies to write the message is through the use of steps where the address comes first, followed by the subject matter and then the body and salutation at the end. The writing style would be formal where the messge would be short, precise and direct to the point. The writing will also be done in point form to make the literature short but precise and direct on the message. Write a rough draft of the message below using the analysis you did in Step 1. Make sure your message is appropriate for the purpose and audience (e.g., new hires). Use an outline to help organize your thoughts. I hereby write to inform you about our culture, processes and procedures. Some of these you will get to learn during your work with us, but for now, I will just give you some fw

The Prediction Of Company Failure Using Financial And Non-Financial Essay

The Prediction Of Company Failure Using Financial And Non-Financial Information - Essay Example Studies have shown that financial difficulty arise mainly due to as a result of series of errors and misjudgment on the part of management. Moreover, interrelated weakness can also be attributed to management. Ratio analysis can be used to predict whether a firm will go bankrupt or not, because the sign of potential financial distress are generally evident in a ratio analysis long before the firm actually fails. How often businesses fail in United States? A good number of businesses fail each year. One thing is very important to note here that the failure rate per 1,000 businesses fluctuates depending upon the economy, but the average liability tended to increase over time. Though business failure is more common among smaller firms, large firms are not immune to it. But, some firms are too important or too big to be allowed to fail. So governmental intervention or mergers are often used as methods to avoid failure. For example, the US government gave aid to Chrysler in the 1980s to avoid its failure. Another example is that of merger of Goodbody company with Merril Lynch to avoid the former’s bankruptcy which would have frozen the accounts of 2, 25,000 customers while bankruptcy settlement was being worked out. WorldCom, Enron, Kmart, Global Crossing, Arthur Andersen, Polaroid, Qwest and Xerox are a few of the reputed companies which failed. Some of the above mentioned companies are fortune 500 companies that were not supposed to collapse. The question to be answered is â€Å"why companies fail?† Market turbulence, bad economy, a weak dollar, competitive subterfuge forces etc are some of the readymade answers which a CEO of the failed company would generally offer. A company can fail due to both financial and non financial reasons. Some of the financial reasons for company failure are low liquidity, low profitability, lower value of shares, inability to meet current debts, high ratio of loan capital compared to equity

British Indirect Rule in Ghana, Kenya and S. Africa Essay

British Indirect Rule in Ghana, Kenya and S. Africa - Essay Example This authoritarian nature of the indirect rule by the British often made chiefs in Africa abuse power in a way that was never possible in a traditional system and there was no innovation or conservation of traditional elements in the indirect rule. Significantly, a "type of indirect governance was found in early toeholds in West Africa, notably Cape Coast Colony in the Gold Coast (now Ghana) These colonies had Legislative Councils with nominated, non-official members who regarded themselves as a loyal opposition, as well as newspapers critical of governmentYet another version of Indirect Rule developed with respect to the loosely organized, so called stateless peoples of Southern Nigeria, Kenya, or Tanganyika, whose political institutions had either remained rudimentary or been destroyed by European military action. Here 'foreigners' or relatively unimportant individuals (such as the warrant chiefs in East Africa) were imported or raised above their former stations." (Louis, Brown, L ow, and Canny 1999 P. 239). These colonies had Legislative Councils with nominated, non-official members who regarded themselves as a loyal opposition, as well as newspapers critical of government†¦Yet another version of Indirect Rule developed with respect to the loosely organized, so called stateless peoples of Southern Nigeria, Kenya, or Tanganyika, whose political institutions had either remained rudimentary or been destroyed by European military action.(Louis, Brown, Low, and Canny 1999 P. 239)...One of the major consequences of the 'indirect rule' by the British in Ghana, Kenya and South Africa was the establishment of traditional rulers in these countries who wanted to conserve culture and tradition. The emphasis on traditional ruler vs. educated elite had an important impact on the nationalization process of these nations. In a profound analysis interrogating the reasons for the failure of African nationalism in the post-independent period, which is a challenging task, the impact of 'indirect rule' of the British on ethnicity and nationalism of the African countries becomes palpable. Significantly, the workings of imperialism in West Africa indisputably enhanced social cleavages between rural and urban classes, the elite and the masses, and made it difficult to form bonds that would survive the immediate transition to independence. While the manipulation of the communist threat turned aside the just grievances of the masses, cultivation of the moderate, bourgeois elite secured a constant base for Western financial interests. "The manipulation of ethnicity and 'tradition' under colonial rule also had important consequences. As the masses had been excluded from modernity under indirect rule, the nationalist intelligentsia appeared to ethnic as well as pan-African consciousness in building nationalist movements. The attraction of ethnic identity was that it cut across class lines and prioritized culture and 'traditional values' in a time of change. E thnicityis dynamic, not static, and thus may also be viewed as 'another form of popular consciousness' which emerged with the political struggles against colonialism." (Bush, 1999, P. 125-6). However, according to the progressive imperialists, such 'ethnic consciousness' or

The Use of Public Relations During the Ashlee Simpson Essay

The Use of Public Relations During the Ashlee Simpson - Essay Example The aim of this paper is to thoroughly discuss all of these reasons, especially in regards to how the use of public relations was used in this case to keep her career alive; her PR team not only got her out of the crisis but helped to put her back in the spotlight. This is what will be dissertated in the following. Ashlee Nicole Simpson, born October 3, 1984, is an American pop rock singer and actress. "Originally known for being the younger sister of pop singer Jessica Simpson, Simpson eventually rose to prominence in her own right in mid-2004 through her chart topping album debut Autobiography and the accompanying MTV reality series The Ashlee Simpson Show." (Famous QT, 2006). Quoting herself as a "simple girl in a complex world" (Contact Music, 2006), it was only recently that Ashlee Simpson was on the rise to stardom. It was on the October 23/24, 2004 episode of Saturday Night Live that Ashlee Simpson was scheduled to perform as that night's featured musical guest. The first song she performed was 'Pieces of Me', which went through without any problems. However, when she began her second song of the night, 'Autobiography', the song 'Pieces of Me' was heard again - including her vocals - before she had raised the microphone to her mouth. It was after this brutal turn of events that Simpson called in to the music video show Total Request Live and "explained that due to complications arising from a 'severe' variation of acid reflux (which had previously been seen in The Ashlee Simpson Show) she had completely lost her voice and her doctor had advised her not to sing." (Wikipedia, 2006). This incident caused a tremendous amount of trouble for the young singer, as the public began doubting her singing talents at all and labeling her as nothing but a 'lip-syncher'. As well, "Visitors have flooded her site and bashed Simpson on her official web site's forum, the media continues to write articles and industry pros are speaking out about the use of vocal tracks during performances." (Duncan, 2004). There have been many arguments made which have stemmed from this that base around the fact that Simpson is a 'manufactured' artist with little singing talent. "It has also been argued that Simpson's image (instead of her music) is the reason for her continued success." (Wikipedia, 2006). A public relations team is responsible for Public relations specialists (who are also referred to as 'communications specialists' and 'media specialists', among other titles) serve as advocates for persons. Public relations is the art and science of building relationships between an organization and its key publics; in this case Ashlee Simpson and the public (more specifically, her younger, more targeted audience). Celebrities tend to be fans of the saying that 'any publicity is good publicity', meaning that regardless of whether it is 'good' or 'bad' publicity, it is still good for their reputation, in that it is still a means of getting their name talked about among the public. "If a celebrity says or does something embarrassing, he or she will often turn it into a strength and make it part of his or her 'image'." (Wikipedia, 2006). However, in this situation, Ashlee Simpson's PR team did have to fix some immediate damage in order to fix the

The UK hardwood industry and Global Furniture Corporation Essay

The UK hardwood industry and Global Furniture Corporation - Essay Example In the year 2010, the companies in UK had imported 5.7 million cubic meters of sawnwood and had produced only 3.1 million cubic meters of sawnwood (Forestry Commission, 2011). Global Furniture Corporation (GFC) which is a 200 year old company is situated in UK and still remains one of the leading hardwood processing companies of the country. The longevity of the company determines the company’s efficiency and effective resource utilization capacity. There were various contributing factors to the success of the company which are loyalty of the employees, high quality products, efficient supply chain and management. GFC has been able to adapt to the changing marketing trends and technological developments. The flexibility of the company to adapt to the internal and external changes is one of the key reasons for the success of the company. The company imports hardwood from South American and Asian countries and processes the hardwood into finished products like Hardwood flooring, panelling and decorative strip wood. GFC also owns a subsidiary company known as Real Furniture Company (RFC) which processes imported hardwood into readymade furniture meant for domestic purposes. The operations of RFC are carried out in the overseas locations of the company. Answer 1 The practice of financial management concepts varies from company to company. Financial management helps the managers of the company to formulate various financial strategies for effective utilization of funds. Financial management decisions include investment, dividend and financing decisions (Brigham, 1985). GFC has also adopted various accounting and financial practices over the years. Currently, the company follows the new accounting regulations and principles. GFC pays the supplier of the company in the home currency of the company which is British pounds. The sales is converted into British pounds and then deposited into the company’s UK bank account. The fluctuations in the home currenc y are of paramount importance to the GFC and other companies who import most of the raw materials from abroad. For example if the home currency of GFC appreciates against the suppliers home currency then GFC will gain however, if the home currency of GFC depreciates against the suppliers home currency then GFC will bear losses (Conklin, 2006). This is because under the appreciation of the home currency, GFC has to pay fewer units of its home currency to buy the equivalent amount of inputs in foreign currency. Problem arises when the home currency of GFC depreciates then the company has to pay excessive amount of money against the suppliers home currency units. The cost management issues also depend on the relationship between the suppliers and the company. If the suppliers of the company share a long term and stable relationship with the company then the ability of the company to insulate its cost from the impact of the currency movements will be high or vice versa. This indicates t hat the company’s ability to reduce losses while the company’s home currency depreciates depends upon the nature of contracting with its suppliers (Conklin, 2006). Therefore, one can say that currently GFC is not following a very practical approach it should adopt a flexible approach which can help the

The Use of Public Relations During the Ashlee Simpson Essay

The Use of Public Relations During the Ashlee Simpson - Essay Example The aim of this paper is to thoroughly discuss all of these reasons, especially in regards to how the use of public relations was used in this case to keep her career alive; her PR team not only got her out of the crisis but helped to put her back in the spotlight. This is what will be dissertated in the following. Ashlee Nicole Simpson, born October 3, 1984, is an American pop rock singer and actress. "Originally known for being the younger sister of pop singer Jessica Simpson, Simpson eventually rose to prominence in her own right in mid-2004 through her chart topping album debut Autobiography and the accompanying MTV reality series The Ashlee Simpson Show." (Famous QT, 2006). Quoting herself as a "simple girl in a complex world" (Contact Music, 2006), it was only recently that Ashlee Simpson was on the rise to stardom. It was on the October 23/24, 2004 episode of Saturday Night Live that Ashlee Simpson was scheduled to perform as that night's featured musical guest. The first song she performed was 'Pieces of Me', which went through without any problems. However, when she began her second song of the night, 'Autobiography', the song 'Pieces of Me' was heard again - including her vocals - before she had raised the microphone to her mouth. It was after this brutal turn of events that Simpson called in to the music video show Total Request Live and "explained that due to complications arising from a 'severe' variation of acid reflux (which had previously been seen in The Ashlee Simpson Show) she had completely lost her voice and her doctor had advised her not to sing." (Wikipedia, 2006). This incident caused a tremendous amount of trouble for the young singer, as the public began doubting her singing talents at all and labeling her as nothing but a 'lip-syncher'. As well, "Visitors have flooded her site and bashed Simpson on her official web site's forum, the media continues to write articles and industry pros are speaking out about the use of vocal tracks during performances." (Duncan, 2004). There have been many arguments made which have stemmed from this that base around the fact that Simpson is a 'manufactured' artist with little singing talent. "It has also been argued that Simpson's image (instead of her music) is the reason for her continued success." (Wikipedia, 2006). A public relations team is responsible for Public relations specialists (who are also referred to as 'communications specialists' and 'media specialists', among other titles) serve as advocates for persons. Public relations is the art and science of building relationships between an organization and its key publics; in this case Ashlee Simpson and the public (more specifically, her younger, more targeted audience). Celebrities tend to be fans of the saying that 'any publicity is good publicity', meaning that regardless of whether it is 'good' or 'bad' publicity, it is still good for their reputation, in that it is still a means of getting their name talked about among the public. "If a celebrity says or does something embarrassing, he or she will often turn it into a strength and make it part of his or her 'image'." (Wikipedia, 2006). However, in this situation, Ashlee Simpson's PR team did have to fix some immediate damage in order to fix the

Multiculturalism, the University, and Economic-based Solutions Research Paper

Multiculturalism, the University, and Economic-based Solutions - Research Paper Example Universities have a long history in the United States, and much of that history is mixed up with the multiculturalism that the United States enjoys and also some of the economic-based problems and solutions that exist there. Since their creation, a few hundred years ago, universities have often had to struggle to make enough money to get by, something that is still basically going on today. Universities also have to make sure they are dealing with students from all parts of life and countries of the world who have moved to the United States. Both of these problems come together when looking at some of the economic-based solutions that universities look for to make sure they are multiculturally sound. There have already been some economic solutions used to attack the problems of a multicultural country like the United States. Magnet schools, for instance, were first made in order to be used "as a tool for reducing racial segregation". But before looking at these solutions in more deta il it is important to first look at how the university works from an economic-based point of view.

Change Detection Techniques of Remote Sensing Imageries

Change Detection Techniques of Remote Sensing Imageries 1.1 Introduction Over the past years, academics have suggested enormous numbers of change detection techniques of remote sensing imageries and classified them from a different point of views [28]. These techniques depend on the assumption of spatial independence among pixels. This assumption is valid only for low, medium and high-resolution images but insufficient for VHR images [1]. This chapter presents the concept, implementation, and assessment of seven change detection techniques using low, medium and high-resolution ORSI. The rest of this chapter is organized into eight sections. Section 3.2 presents a brief description of the study areas. Section 3.3 describes the dataset characteristics of the study areas (Sharm El-Sheikh city and Mahalla al-kubra city Egypt). Section 3.4 presents the pre-processing performed on the image dataset before change detection process. Section 3.5 provides the accuracy assessment measures used for evaluation of the change detection process. Section 3.6 illustrates the concepts of the selected seven change detection techniques. These techniques are post-classification, direct multi-date classification (DMDC), image differencing (ID), image rationing (IR), image symmetric relative difference (ISRD), change vector analysis (CVA), and principal component differencing (PCD). Section 3.7 presents the experimental work. It explains the Implementation and accuracy assessment of applying the selected change detection techniques on an image dataset of Sharm El-Sheikh city- Egypt. Section 3.8 presents the application of post-classification change detection technique on an image dataset of El-Mahalla El-kubra City-Egypt to detect the urban expansion over the agricultural area through the period from 2010 to 2015. Finally, section 3.9 gives the chapter summary. 1.2 The study areas In this chapter, two study areas are selected for the application of the selected change detection techniques. The first area is a part of Sharm el-Sheikh city. It is located on the southern landfill of the Sinai Peninsula, in the South Sinai Governorate, Egypt, on the coastal bar along the Red Sea as shown in figure (3.1). Its population is approximately 73,000 as of 2015 [62]. Sharm El Sheikh is the administrative hub of Egypts South Sinai Governorate, which includes the smaller coastal towns of Dahab and Nuweiba as well as the mountainous interior, St. Catherine and Mount Sinai. Today the city is a holiday resort and significant center for tourism in Egypt. The selected area is about 12.5 Km2. The second study area is a village belongs to El Mahalla El Kubra city. El Mahalla El Kubra is a large industrial and agricultural city in Egypt, located in the middle of the Nile Delta on the western bank of the Damietta Branch tributary, as shown in figure (3.2). The city is known for its textile industry. It is the largest city of the Gharbia Governorate and the second largest in the Nile Delta [63]. The selected area is about 38 Km2. 1.3 Images datasets of the study areas In this chapter, two datasets are used. The first dataset consists of two images of Sham el-Sheikh city acquired by Landsat 7 at 2000 and 2010 respectively as shown in figure (3.3). Area of the image lies between Lat. 28 0 37.0091 N, Lon. 34 17 56.3381 E and Lat.   27 57 20.8804 N, Lon. 34 24 43.6080 E. Table (3.1) summarizes the characteristic of these images. Table (3.1 )   Characteristic of Sham el-Sheikh dataset No Spatial resolution Radiometric resolution Number of bands Acquisition date Size [pixels] Area [km2] Width Height 1 30 m 8 bits 3 2000 382 364 12.5143 2 30 m 8 bits 3 2010 382 364 12.5143 (a) (b) Fig (3.3 ) Dataset of Sharm el-Sheikh city- Egypt acquired by Landsat 7 at (a) image acquired at 2000 and the (b) image acquired at 2010. Figure (3.4) illustrates the second dataset of a village belongs to EL Mahalla al-Kubra city in Egypt. It consists of two images acquired in 2010 and 2015. It is taken by El-Shayal Smart web online Software that could acquire Satellite images from Google Earth. The image area lies between Lat. 30 57 46.9032 N, Lon. 31 14 35.4776E and Lat. 30 54 47.00 N, Lon. 31 18 19.98. Table (3.2) summarizes the characteristic of this dataset. (a) (b) Fig ( 3.4 ) Dataset of EL mahalla al-kubra city- Egypt ( Google Earth) (a) image acquired at 2010 and (b) image acquired at 2015. Table (3.2 )   Characteristic of EL mahalla al-kubra dataset No Spatial resolution Radiometric resolution Number of bands Acquisition date Size [pixels] Area [km2] Width Height 1 6 m 8 bits 3 2010 1056 1007 38.2821 2 6 m 8 bits 3 2015 1056 1007 38.2821 1.4 Image Pre-processing for Change Detection Before change detection process, it is usually necessary to carry out the radiometric correction and image registration for the dataset used [64].   In sections 3.4.1and 3.4.2, the concept of radiometric and image registration are described. The execution of preprocessing on the dataset used is given in section 3.7.2. 1.4.1 Radiometric correction Radiometric conditions are influenced by many factors such as different imaging seasons or dates, different solar altitudes, different view angles, different meteorologic conditions and different cover areas of cloud, rain or snow etc. It may affect the accuracy of most change detection techniques. Radiometric correction is performed to remove or reduce the inconsistency between the values surveyed by sensors and the spectral reflectivity and spectral radiation brightness of the objects, which encompasses absolute radiometric correction and relative radiometric correction [26]. Absolute radiometric correction It mainly rectifies the radiation distortion that is irrelevant to the radiation features of the object surface and is caused by the state of sensors, solar illumination, and dispersion and absorption of atmospheric etc. The typical methods mainly consist of adjusting the radiation value to the standard value with the transmission code of atmospheric radiation, adjusting the radiation value to the standard value with spectral curves in the lab, adjusting the radiation value to the standard value with dark object and transmission code of radiation, rectifying the scene by removing the dark objects and so on. Due to the fact that it is expensive and impractical to survey the atmospheric parameter and ground objects of the current data, and almost impossible to survey that of the historical data, it is difficult to implement absolute radiometric correction in most situations in reality. Relative radiometric correction In a relative radiometric correction, an image is regarded as a reference image. Then adjust the radiation features of another image to make it match with the former one. Main methods consist of correction by histogram regularization and correction with fixed object. This kind of correction can remove or reduce the effects of atmosphere, sensor, and other noises. In addition, it has a simple algorithm. So it has been widely used. The radiation algorithms that are most frequently used at present in the preprocessing of change detection mainly consists of image regression method, pseudo-invariant features,   dark set and bright set normalization, no-change set radiometric normalization, histogram matching, second simulation of the satellite signal in the solar spectrum and so on. It should be pointed that radiometric correction isnt necessary for all change detection methods. Although some scholars hold that radiometric corrections are necessary for multi-sensor land cover change ana lysis Leonardo studies at 2006 have shown that if the obtained spectral signal comes from the images to be classified, it is unnecessary to conduct atmospheric correction before the change detection of post-classification comparison. For those change detection algorithms based on feature, object comparison, radiometric correction is often unnecessary [64]. 1.4.2 Image registration Precise registration to the multi-temporal imageries is essential for numerous change detection techniques. The importance of precise spatial registration of multi-temporal imagery is understandable because generally spurious results of change detection will be formed if there is misregistration. If great registration accuracy isnt available, a great deal of false change area in the scene will be caused by image displacement. It is commonly approved that the geometrical registration accuracy of the sub-pixel level is recognized. It can be seen that the geometrical registration accuracy of the sub-pixel level is necessary to change detection. However, it is doubtful whether this result is suitable for all registration data sources and all detected objects and if suitable how much it is. Another problem is whether this result has no influence on all change detection techniques and applications and if there is any influence how much it is. These Problems are worth to be studied further. On the other hand, it is difficult to implement high accuracy registration between multi-temporal especially multi-sensor remote sensing images due to many factors, such as imaging models, imaging angles and conditions, curvature and rotation of the earth and so on. Especially in the mountainous region and urban area, general image registration methods are ineffective and orthorectification is needed. Although geometrical registration of high accuracy is necessary to techniques used for low, medium and high resolution (like image differencing techniques and post-classification), it is unnecessary for all change detection t. For the feature-based change detection methods like object-based change detection method, the so-called buffer detection procedure can be employed to associate the extracted objects or features and in this manner, the harsh prerequisite of perfect registration can be escaped [65]. However, these methods neglect the key problem of the distinction between radiomet ric and semantic changes. So, it does not address the problem of change detection from a general perspective. It just focuses on specific applications relevant to the end user [1]. 1.5 Accuracy Assessment used for Change Detection Process evaluation The accuracy of change detection depends on many factors, including precise geometric registration and calibration or normalization, availability and quality of ground reference data, the complexity of landscape and environment, methods or algorithms used, the analysts skills and experience, and time and cost restrictions.   Authors in [66] summarized the main errors in change detection including errors in data (e.g. image resolution, accuracy of location and image quality), errors caused by pre-processing (the accuracy of geometric correction and radiometric correction), errors caused by change detection methods and processes (e.g. classification and data extraction error), errors in field survey (e.g. accuracy of ground reference) and errors caused by post-processing. Accuracy assessment techniques in change detection originate from those of remote sensing images classification. It is natural to extend the accuracy assessment techniques for processing single time image to that of bi-temporal or multi-temporal images. Among various assessment techniques, the most efficient and widely-used is the error matrix [26]. It describes the comparison or cross-tabulation of the classified land cover to the actual land cover revealed by the sample sites results in an error matrix as demonstrated in the table (3.3). It can be called a confusion matrix, contingency table [67], evaluation matrix [68] or misclassification matrix [69]. Different measures and statistics can be derived from the values in an error matrix. These measures are used to evaluate the change detection process. These measures are overall accuracy, procedures accuracy and user accuracy [70]. Overall accuracy of the change map It presents the ratio of the total number of correctly classified pixels to the total number of pixels in the matrix. This figure is normally expressed as a percentage. It can be expressed as follows: The overall accuracy =   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   (3.1) Users accuracy (column accuracy) It is a measure of the reliability of change map generated from a CD process. It is a statistic that can tell the user of the map what percentage of a class corresponds to the ground-truthed class. It is calculated by dividing the number of correct pixels for a class by the total pixels assigned to that class. The user accuracy =   Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   (3.2) Producers accuracy (raw accuracy) It is a measure of the accuracy of a particular classification scheme. It shows what percentage of a particular ground class was correctly classified. It is calculated by dividing the number of correct pixels for a class by the actual number of ground truth pixels for that class. The procedure accuracy =   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   (3.3) Table ( 3.3 ) Change error matrix or confusion matrix. Classified land cover Actual land cover Class1 = change Class2 = no change Class1 = change Correct False Class2 = no change False Correct 1.6 Concepts of the selected change detection techniques Seven LULC change detection techniques are selected to be implemented on our dataset. These techniques are post-classification, direct multi-date classification (DMDC), image differencing (ID), image rationing (IR), image symmetric relative difference (ISRD), change vector analysis (CVA), and principal component differencing (PCD). Image differencing Itis based on the subtraction of two spatially registered imageries, pixel by pixel, as follows: ID =Xi (t2) Xi (t1)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   (3.4) Where: X represents the multispectral images with I (number of bands) acquired at two different times t1and t2. The pixels of changed area are predictable to be scattered in the two ends of the histogram of the resulting image (change map), and the no changed area is grouped around zero as shown in figure (3.5). This simple manner easily infers the resulting image; conversely, it is vital to properly describe the thresholds to perceive the change from non-change regions [71]. Fig (3.5 ) Histogram of the change map. Image Rationing It is similar to image differencing method. The only difference between them is the replacement of the differencing images by rationed images [71].   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   IR =Xi (t2) / Xi (t1)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   (3.5) Image Symmetric Relative Difference it is based on the useof symmetric relative difference formula to measure change [72], as follows: ISRD =  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   (3.6) Separating the change by the pixels value at time 1 and time 2 permits the derivation of a change map that measures the proportion change in the pixel, nonetheless of which image is selected to be the first image. For instance, a pixel that had a value of 20 at time 1 and a value of 80 at time 2 would have an absolute change of 60, and a proportion change value in the change map of 375%: [(80 20) / 20 + (80-20)/80] * 100 = 375% An additional pixel with a value of 140 at time 1 and 200 at time 2 would also have an absolute change of 60, but its proportion change would only be 72.86%:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   [(200 140) / 140 + (200-140)/200] * 100 = 72.86% In general, it can be supposed that the proportion change of a pixels brightness value is more revealing of real change in the image than purely the absolute change   [73]. Change Vector Analysis It generates two outputs: a change vector image and a magnitude image. The spectral change vector (SCV) explains the direction and magnitude of change from the first to the second date. The overall change extent per pixel is considered by defining the Euclidean distance between end points over dimensional change space, as follows:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   (3.7) A decision on change is made based on whether the change magnitude exceeds a specific threshold. The geometric concept of CVA is applicable to any number of spectral bands [41]. Principal Component Differencing It is often accepted as effective transforms to derive information and compress dimensions. Most of the information is focused on the first two components. Particularly, the first component has the most information. The difference between the first principle component of two dates has the potential to advance the change detection outcomes, i.e. PCD= PC1 (X(t2)) PC1 (X(t1))  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   (3.8) The change detection is implemented based on threshold [28]. Direct multi-date classification It combines the two images (X (t2) and X (t1)) into a single image on which a classià ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ cation is performed. The areas of changes are expected to present different statistics (i. e., distinct classes) compared to the areas with no changes [74]. Post-classification It is based on the classification of the two images (X (t2) and X(t1)) separately and then compared. Ideally, similar thematic classes are produced for each classià ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ cation. Changes between the two dates can be visualized using a change matrix indicating, for both dates, the number of pixels in each class. This matrix allows us to interpret what changes occurred for a specià ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ c class. The main advantage of this method is the minimal impacts of radiometric and geometric differences between multi-date images. However, the accuracy of the à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ nal result is the product of accuracies of the two independent classià ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ cations (e.g., 64% à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ nal accuracy for two 80% independent classià ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ cation accuracies) [74]. 1.7 Experimental work This section describes the environment and the implementation procedures of seven selected change detection techniques on the first dataset of Sham el-Sheikh city. 1.7.1 Experiment setup Applying methods described in section 3.5 requires a suitable setup (environment). The setup requirements are summarized in software and hardware. A laptop machine with processor Intel(R) core (TM)i7-4500U CPU @1.80 GH   2.40 GH and RAM 8 GB is used as hardware environment. ERDASD IMAGINE 2014 is selected to be the software environment. It has the Model maker toolbox which is used as a programming language. It is chosen for its ability to combine matrix datasets and multi-dimensional arrays that are used to represent multi-dimensional images, and also for its ability to visualize and interrogate results in an interactive manner. Moreover, it allows providing the integration of the necessary datasets and algorithmic customizations for the development of the described method. 1.7.2 Pre-processing Dataset of EL mahalla al-kubra described in section 3.3 had already registered before. Radiometric correction is carried out to minimize the false change detection by applying histogram matching between the two images. So, the pixel of the no changed areas in one date should take the same or close gray level values of the corresponding pixels in the other date as shown in figure   (3.6) [75]. (a) (b) Fig (3.6 ) Dataset of Sharm el-Sheikh city after applying histogram matching on the image acquired at 2000 to match the image acquired at 2010. 1.7.3 Implementation of the change detection techniques The selected techniques are implemented by the model maker in the ERDAS IMAGINE 2014 software for a dataset of Sharm el-Sheikhto provide an overview and assessment of LULC change detection techniques. 250 random variables are used to generate an error matrix to calculate the overall accuracy according to equation (3.1). The reference points are driven visually by comparing the two images. Table (3.4) summarizes the implementation of the selected methods. 1.7.4 Results analysis The results of applying the selected change detection techniques on the first dataset of Sham el-Sheikh city are introduced in the following: Image differencing The change map generated using the image differencing method described in section 3.6 is shown in figure (3.7). The change map has two colors. The white color represents the changed area while the black color represents the no changed area. The change error matrix is generated using 250 random variables as demonstrated in the table (3.5). The reference information is taken visually by comparing the dataset. It is used to calculate the overall accuracy, user accuracy, and the procedures accuracy. The overall accuracy of the change map is 92.4%. Table (3.4) Steps of implementation the selected change detection techniques on a dataset of Sharm el-Sheikh. Method Procedures Image differencing ID 1- Applying equation (3.4). 2- Threshold values were determined according to the statistical calculation by taking (1* STD) to identify the land cover change. This step provides a binary image for each band, 1 as change and 0 as non-change. 3- The change map is produced according to the majority voting between the binary images. 4- The overall accuracy is calculated by Producing change error matrix using 250 random variables according to equation (3.1). Image rationing IR 1- Apply equation (3.5). 2- Thresholds were determined as mentioned before. 3- Change map is produced through majority voting between the binary images. 4- The overall accuracy is calculated by Producing change error matrix using 250 random variables according to equation (3.1). Image symmetric Relative Difference ISRD 1-Apply equation (3.6) 2- Thresholds were determined as mentioned before. 3- Change map is produced through majority voting between the binary images. 4- The overall accuracy is calculated by Producing change error matrix using 250 random variables according to equation (3.1). Change Vector analysis CVA 1- Apply equation (3.7) to get the Euclidian distance between the two dates. 2- Thresholds were determined as mentioned before. 3- Change map is produced through majority voting between the binary images. 4- The overall accuracy is calculated by Producing change error matrix using 250 random variables according to equation (3.1). Principal component differencing PCD 1- Get the principle componentof the two images. 2- Apply equation (3.8). 3- Thresholds were determined as mentioned before. 4- Change map is produced through majority voting between the binary images. 5- The overall accuracy is calculated by Producing change er

The Myth and Ritual of Coffee in Mario Puzo’s The Fortunate Pilgrim :: Essays Papers

The Myth and Ritual of Coffee in Mario Puzo’s The Fortunate Pilgrim When I arrived in Italy in May 1998, my first order of business was to sample some Italian coffee. Being an avid coffee drinker, and having heard that Italians brew the best in the world, I was quite eager to find a little bar that would cheerfully quench my craving. I was not disappointed. The cappuccino that I sipped that day was a two-layer affair, a mountain of rich foamy milk atop a modest amount of strong, hot espresso. It was heavenly. As I swirled the thick steaming layers together, I was fascinated by the lively Italian being spoken in the bar, the laughter, and the peace and ease in the bartender’s face. I felt honored to be privy to the rituals that were taking place before my eyes. Coffee is a truly a mythological treasure. It serves the dual functions of waking one up and providing one with relaxation. It is both acid and base, bitter and sweet, caustic and comforting. It is used for an array of purposes: to soothe, to give energy, to lend fortitude, to bring people together. Sometimes it is ascribed almost supernatural healing properties. In Mario Puzo’s The Fortunate Pilgrim, coffee takes these roles and more: the drinking of coffee is an immensely important ritual that serves a myriad of social functions and responds to a wide range of human emotions. Wine, arguably the only other substance surrounded by so much myth and ritual, also plays a part in Puzo’s novel, but it is coffee that is the drink of choice and ritual for Lucia Santa. Early in the novel, the beverage is aptly described as â€Å"ceremonial†: â€Å"Lucia Santa served the ceremonial coffee, then said, ‘Zia Louche, I am going to see the little one. Care for the girl and Lorenzo. Do me this favor.’† (Puzo 36) Coffee is the focal point of the meeting, a warming beverage to represent the warmth between two people. It is this warmth, this caring human connection, that enables Lucia Santa to ask her friend for a favor. At the same time, the hot coffee lends fire to her courage and conviction, giving her the requisite strength to confront Filomena. (37) Interestingly, coffee becomes a pacifier, a salve, when Lucia Santa returns from Filomena’s house shaken and distraught with her baby Vincenzo in her arms.

Ships Main Engine Lube Oil System :: essays research papers

Ship's Main Engine Lube Oil System Cleanliness of the lube oil is very vital in the Main Diesel Engine Lube Oil System. A strainer is a device that is usually made up of a single layer of course gauze, and a very course wire mesh. This setup is used to filter out large objects that could cause blockage or damage to the lube oil system. A filter is used to filter out much smaller particals. The filtering elements in a lube oil filter has a more complex make-up. Aboard our ship, we have self cleaning lube oil filters along with the standard lube oil filters. The size of the cartridges in these filters usually range from 3-12 mm. Our ship has two full flow filters per engine. The plates inside of a strainer corrode and erode very easily. Special attention must be given to these plates when cleaning them. Make sure that a gap has not formed at the end of the plate. If there is a gap, rags and other particles may pass right by. If in doubt of the condition of the plate, it should be renewed. The cost of a single plate is much cheaper than the cost of cleaning out an entire clogged system. All gasket surfaces must be checked closely to ensure a proper seal. Our ship has a high pressure lube oil system. Because of this, basket type strainers are used. Lube oil systems are equipped with a wide variety of strainers. It is important to operate these strainers at all times to prevent clogging. Aboard our ship, we have Hayward Plug-type Duplex Basket Strainers. All of these types of strainers are one way. The liquid to be strained enters to the top and filters through the bottom. Both strainers and filters clean lube oil using a similar process.

Blood Disorder

Blood Disorders Carl Jones HCA/240 November 20, 2011 Lily, a 4-year-old Caucasian female, has she been complaining of being tired all the time. She is pale and is a picky eater. Her mother is a single mom with a small budget to feed a large family. Lily eats only pasta, breads, and hot dogs, and she drinks only artificial fruit punch. Lily has iron deficiency anemia. In this first scenario I think that Lily has Pernicious Anemia or else identified as Vitamin B12 anemia. Several of the signs that Lily is encountering are similar to anemia which are Fatigue, pale appearance, and weakness. Pernicious anemia is usually initiated by poor eating regimen. B12 vitamin is necessary in the making of red blood cells; a Red blood cell holds oxygen throughout the body. The analysis pernicious anemia is reasonably straightforward. The physician does a bodily examination as well as blood test to decide the quantity of B12 and Folic Acid in the body. A lot of the warning signs of pernicious mimic that of an individual with a folic acid anemia also. An individual that is analyzed with pernicious anemia would need to request that their doctor speak to them concerning being monitored for abdominal cancer, the cause for this is pernicious anemia positions the individual at higher jeopardy for abdominal cancer. This remedy of pernicious anemia is fairly easy as well. A B12 enhancement may be all that is required to re-establish the appropriate amounts of B12 in the body. This enhancement is taken as an injection into the muscles or in a capsule structure. To make sure the B12 is being immersed into the body your physician possibly will do blood work every a month. If the amount of B12 is not improving to satisfactory amounts a blood transfusions may be necessary. Davon is a 5-year-old African American male who has just moved to Chicago, and he is visiting his new pediatrician for a kindergarten physical. His mother tells the nurse that she carries the sickle cell trait and wants Davon screened for it. Davon may have the sickle cell trait. In this second scenario I think that Davon has sickle cell anemia. The blood disorder that Davon has is a familiar hereditary trait amongst African American people. Sickle Cell anemia begins as soon as the red blood cells are not shaped in their normal circular form but relatively a semi-circular form. This semi-circular form initiates blood to proceed up which is extremely agonizing. Sickle cell hurts bones, organs and muscles. Regular Blood examinations are given to make sure if the individual has sickle cell anemia or if they are merely a carrier for it. If you are a carrier that does not signify that you contained sickle cell, however it can be passed on to your offspring. Great deals of hospitals examine infants prior to them going to the house as soon as being born. Medications amongst kid’s age two months to five years old are required of antibiotics to avoid illnesses, plus pain management is extremely essential among the healing of sickle cell. At present there is no way to tell for sure that a blood transfusion will be able to assist the patient dealing with the agony of rigorous sickle cell. At hand there is no way to stop sickle cell from happening; there is presently pain management to relieve the aching break outs of sickle cell. Spencer has noted over the past several weeks that he is having more bruises, or ecchymosis, all over his body. After coughing this morning, he noticed tiny red marks all around his eyes. Spencer has thrombocytopenia. In this last scenario I believe that Spencer musts see his physician to be looked at for potential leukemia. Spencer has been bruising incredibly effortlessly recently and that is a few of the signs of pre-leukemia. There are items that Spencer may have come into connection with such as radiation. Radiation is not the single thing that can bring about leukemia it can as well be genetic. In order to identify leukemia your physician will arrange to do chest x-rays, CT scans, blood work and potential lumbar puncture to discover if leukemia is the identification and what type of leukemia it is so that appropriate action can be in progress. The customary management of leukemia is chemotherapy. Even though chemo is helping, the growth can resume spreading and stem cell transplant possibly will be required. Various forms of leukemia cannot be stopped however other forms can be prevented by not smoking, and keeping away from benzene and radiation. Reference Health Central (2005-2011) Retrieved on November 20, 2011 from http://www. healthcentral. com/encyclopedia/408/622. html Kids Health (2005-2011) Retrieved on November 20, 2011 from http://kidshealth. org/teen/diseases_conditions/blood/sickle_cell_anemia. html

Analysis of the Argument Culture Essay

â€Å"The Argument Culture† is a persuasive essay written by Professor Deborah Tannen. As a professor of linguistics at Georgetown University, Tannen experience in language leads her to write many books in this field. Tannen uses â€Å"The Argument Culture† essay to persuade her audience that this society’s way of looking at debate encourages an â€Å"adversarial frame of mind† (Tannen, 305). Three of Tannen’s main points include; polarized views in the news, the use of â€Å"war metaphors’ by media to catch the readers eye, and even in the language mankind uses in everyday life. Tannen’s essay also includes different ways to look at these each of these situations that may help reduce the debate language that this society uses every day. The first example Tannen shares is how this society assumes the best way to solve anything is through debate. Tannen explains, this society believes â€Å"the best way to cover news is to find spokespeople who express the most extreme, polarized views and present them as ‘both sides’ [of the story]’ (305). In some circumstances these interviews turn into very heated debates with both sides yelling over the other to make their point heard. These heated debates only divides the audience into ‘sides’ and closes minds to the facts on the other side of the debate. Most Americans do not have these strong opposing viewpoints on an issue until they are influenced by the debates in the news. Instead, Tannen encourages newscasters to ask â€Å"What are the other ‘sides’?† (308) Asking this question will get them thinking about all of the different points of view they can report on. Then the newscasters can invite guests from multiple differing viewpoints to discuss the issue. Having a group discussion with differing less extreme viewpoints can help defuse opposition, encouraging a discussion format instead of debating the issues at hand. The audience can then develop their own opinion on the issues at hand. The next example Tannen shares is how the media uses war metaphors to â€Å"shape our thinking.† A few of these war metaphors are: â€Å"the war on drugs, the war on cancer, the battle of the sexes† (305). These metaphors are used to catch the attention of the reader and to get the reader to pick a side. This is not always a good thing. Sometimes these metaphors are a great way to get support; such as â€Å"the war on cancer,† because the more people that help fight this war the better chance cancer can be defeated. The media needs to decide to use war metaphors where it will encourage support insteadof encouraging debate. An example of a war metaphor that encourages debate is â€Å"the battle of the sexes,† because this metaphor only pits the sexes against each other. There is enough struggle for equality between the sexes without the so called ‘battle.’ Men and women should be working together to reach their goals instead of competing against each other to reach their own goal. . A walk down the magazine isle at any store will prove Tannen’s point that â€Å"nearly everything is framed as a battle or game in which winning or losing is the main concern† (305). Another important point Tannen brings up is â€Å"the power of words to shape perception† (306). It is amazing how easy it is to change how things are perceived by just changing one word in a sentence. The example she shares to prove this point is from an experiment Psychologists Elisabeth Loftus and John Palmer performed. In the experiment two groups of people watch the same movie of a car accident. The two groups are asked essentially the same question except one sentence uses the word â€Å"bumped† and the other uses â€Å"smashed† to describe the collision. Tannen explains â€Å"those who read the question with ‘smashed’ tended to remember that the cars were going faster† (306). Americans need to be aware and on the lookout for these circumstances because that one word can mean the difference between dialogue and debate. Everyone needs to understand how easily language can change a person’s perception of a situation because, as Tannen shares, â€Å"[language] invisibly molds our way of thinking about people, actions and the world around us† (306). In â€Å"The Argument Culture† essay Tannen tries to open eyes to the â€Å"American tradition† of debate. This is very important because â€Å"the argument culture pervades every aspect of [American’s] lives today† (305). As Tannen’s first main point informs the reader, the argument culture is especially evident when watching the nightly news and being bombarded by debate. Through Tannen’s examples of war metaphors she proves that the media uses these metaphors to encourage disputes. War metaphors can also be found in American’s everyday conversations; it is particularly used to emphasis or even exaggerate a point in a conversation. This also shows how the language that is used in describing a situation changes one’s perception of the said situation. Tannen’s essay should be read by everyone living in this argument culture so their eyes will be open to the â€Å"adversarial frame of mind† (305) that can be found in this society. Then maybe this â€Å"argument culture† can find creative â€Å"ways of resolving disputes and differences† (305) without debate. Works Cited Tannen, Deborah. â€Å"The Argument Culture.† The Prentice Hall Guide for College Writers. Ed. Stephen Reid. 10th ed. Boston: Pearson, 2014. 305-09. Print.